Common Coursing
The width of the course or "weather" varied with the length
of the shingle.
Lap Siding & Bevelled Lap Siding
Among the earliest types of finish siding, lap sidings were usually
1" x 6" or 1" x 8" boards. These were nailed along
the top edge so that the nails were concealed by the overlap of the
board above. Exposed face-nailing in vertical rows, however, is often
evidence that lap siding has been nailed directly to the studs, and
the spacing of the studs can thus be determined. The slope of the boards
was achieved by blocking out the bottom board and using spacing blocks
for the attachment of successive boards. The exposed face and edges
were usually planed. Where more sophisticated milling tools were available,
the type of bevelled and rabbeted siding shown at the top of the illustration
became common.
Rusticated
Lap Siding
Meant to replicate the rustic appearance of logs sawn into rough boards,
this siding, which was called "Hide-a-Scroll," was actually
milled with a slightly chamfered edge. It was very popular in the 1960s.
Drop Siding
This form of milled siding became generally popular all over North America
during the nineteenth century. If wider than 6', a face nail was used,
as well as a nail concealed in the rabbet, to avoid "cupping"
of the board as it seasoned.
Bevelled
Lap Siding with V-Groove (V-Joint)
Usually milled from a 1" x 6". Each board was rabbeted on
reverse edges at top and bottom, with V-grooves on the face. When attached,
the lap protects the board below from water penetration, and the groove
defines the joint. An intermediate "false" V-groove was usually
milled in the centre of the board (also called "double-bevelled"
siding). With time, the boards shrank, and the "false" and
real joints became distinguishable as the latter became wider. The example
illustrated has a "bead" milled between two V-grooves at each
joint. This siding was usually face-nailed.
Sawn
Shingles
Sawn shingles were milled with a taper and have always varied in grade
and quality. In BC, the wood utilized was first-growth red cedar. Attachment
and staggering was done the same way as with shakes. Some of the patterns
were:
-
Shadow-Line Coursing
This is achieved by doubling each course, setting the outside shingle below the inside shingle, to create the shadow. This pattern, which was common during the 1920s and 1930s, also often employed shingles milled with vertical grooves. -
Unequal Coursing
Commonly associated with the North American Arts and Crafts style, this pattern was achieved by alternating a narrow and a wide course, as illustrated.
Sawn Shingle Patterns & Hand-Split Shakes
Sawn Shingles
These utilize shingles cut at the bottom, either in a semi-circle or
a 45-degree V, and could produce fish-scale or diamond patterns, either
used independently or combined...
Hand-Split
Shakes
Shakes were split by hand from red cedar or spruce blocks with a mallet
and froe, and sometimes tapered with a draw-knife. Vertical joints were
staggered, and the nails were usually covered by the lap of the next
course of shakes. When used on roofs, courses of shakes were often doubled.
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